Built-in Functions

Let’s explore some of Python’s powerful built-in functions. These functions are always available and provide essential tools for various tasks. I’ll cover a few of them along with examples:

1. abs(x): Returns the absolute value of a number. It works for integers, floats, and complex numbers.

   Python

   num = -5
   print(f"Absolute value of {num} is {abs(num)}")
   # Output: Absolute value of -5 is 5
   

2. bin(x): Converts an integer to a binary string (prefixed with “0b”).

   Python

   decimal_num = 14
   binary_representation = bin(decimal_num)
   print(f"Binary representation of {decimal_num} is {binary_representation}")
   # Output: Binary representation of 14 is 0b1110
   

3. bool(x): Converts a value to a Boolean (True or False).

   Python

   value = 0
   is_true = bool(value)
   print(f"Is {value} True? {is_true}")
   # Output: Is 0 True? False
   

4. len(iterable): Returns the number of items in an iterable (e.g., list, string, tuple).

   Python

   my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
   length = len(my_list)
   print(f"Length of the list: {length}")
   # Output: Length of the list: 4
   

5. max(iterable) and min(iterable): Return the maximum and minimum values from an iterable.

   Python

   numbers = [5, 12, 8, 3, 20]
   max_value = max(numbers)
   min_value = min(numbers)
   print(f"Max value: {max_value}, Min value: {min_value}")
   # Output: Max value: 20, Min value: 3
   

6. sum(iterable): Calculates the sum of all elements in an iterable (works for numbers).

   Python

   scores = [85, 90, 78, 92]
   total_score = sum(scores)
   print(f"Total score: {total_score}")
   # Output: Total score: 345
   

7. round(number, ndigits): Rounds a floating-point number to the specified number of decimal places.

   Python

   pi = 3.14159
   rounded_pi = round(pi, 2)
   print(f"Rounded pi: {rounded_pi}")
   # Output: Rounded pi: 3.14
   

These built-in functions are your trusty companions in Python programming. Explore more of them and leverage their power!