Course Content
New Accounting Model (Exam-2009)
Books references: 1. Account Code (Volume III). 2. Chart of Accounts (Issued by CGA). 3. Manual Accounting Principles. 4. Accounting Policies and Procedures Manual.
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About Lesson

The Book of Accounts, and then I’ll explain each of the terms you mentioned:

  1. Book of Accounts:
    • A Book of Accounts is a comprehensive record of a company’s financial transactions. It meticulously documents every aspect of its economic activity.
    • It serves as the financial story of a business, told through numbers and ledgers.
    • The purpose of maintaining a Book of Accounts is to ensure transparency, accountability, and accurate financial reporting.

Now, let’s delve into the definitions of the other terms:

  1. Journal:
    • A journal is a book or collection of financial accounts.
    • It records individual transactions, including debits and credits, in chronological order.
    • Journals are essential for double-entry accounting, where each transaction affects at least two accounts.
  1. Ledger:
    • A ledger is a book or other collection of financial accounts.
    • It contains detailed records of transactions posted from the journals.
    • Ledgers organize transactions by account type (e.g., cash, accounts payable, inventory).
  1. Trial Balance:
    • A trial balance is a statement that lists the balances of all general ledger accounts at a specific point in time.
    • It ensures that debits and credits are equal and helps detect mathematical errors.
    • A trial balance is not a full audit but a fundamental check of the books’ accuracy.
  1. Journal Entries:
    • Journal entries are records of financial transactions flowing in and out of a business.
    • They are essential for proper record-keeping and accurate financial reporting.
    • Each entry includes debits and credits, ensuring the accounting system remains balanced.
  1. Bank Reconciliation:
    • Bank reconciliation is the process of comparing a company’s internal cash records (cash book) with the information on its bank statement.
    • The goal is to identify differences and adjust accounting records as needed.
  1. Depreciation:
    • Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of an asset over its useful life.
    • It reflects the decrease in value of tangible assets (such as machinery, equipment, or buildings) due to wear, tear, or obsolescence.
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